信步杏庭 发表于 2015-8-1 01:32:09

Molecular cell:To die or Not to die?细胞究竟如何抉择?

Molecular cell:To die or Not to die?细胞究竟如何抉择?来源:生物谷 2015-07-23 10:55

   2015年7月23日讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --本文亮点:
   低水平葡萄糖会诱导内质网应激,导致PERK/Akt激活,维持细胞存活
   持续的代谢应激会促进亚型特异性MEK1/ERK2依赖性细胞死亡
   ERK2可以通过ATF4依赖性的Bid,cFos和Trb3表达诱导细胞凋亡
   补充谷氨酸可以阻止低水平葡萄糖诱导的细胞死亡


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      近日,来自美国的研究人员在国际学术期刊molecular cell在线发表了一项最新研究进展,他们发现在轻微代谢应激和严重代谢应激情况下细胞会启动不同的信号途径决定细胞命运--决定细胞是继续存活还是发生凋亡。
      营养成分不足会打乱机体和细胞的生理平衡状态,导致疾病甚至是死亡的发生。营养成分不足还会造成代谢应激,带来一系列生理性和病理性后果,因此细胞如何在这种情况下实现适应性应答引起了研究人员的兴趣。
      在这项研究中,研究人员发现在低水平葡萄糖条件下,细胞分别通过PERK/Akt和MEK1/ERK2信号途径启动适应性应答或诱导细胞凋亡。为了实现适应性细胞存活,细胞会利用内质网应激诱导的未折叠蛋白应答反应激活PERK/Akt信号途径增强细胞存活能力。而持续性的极端能量应激则会促进细胞转向亚型特异性的MEK1/ERK2信号途径,诱导GCN2/eIF2a磷酸化以及ATF4表达,从而覆盖PERK/Akt介导的细胞适应性,并通过ATF4依赖性的Bid ,Trb3等促凋亡因子表达诱导细胞凋亡。
      在代谢应激过程中ERK2激活会促进TCA循环以及氨基酸代谢过程的改变进而促进细胞死亡,研究人员同时发现,补充谷氨酸和α-酮戊二酸会抑制上述过程的发生。
      总的来说,这项研究揭示了代谢应激情况下保护细胞和组织的潜在作用靶点,清晰地描述了代谢应激与细胞命运之间的关系,为许多疾病的进一步研究提供了重要理论基础。(生物谷Bioon.com)

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DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2015.06.020

ERK2 Mediates Metabolic Stress Response to Regulate Cell Fate

Sejeong Shin, Gwen R. Buel, Laura Wolgamott, David R. Plas, John M. Asara, John Bleniscorrespondenceemail, Sang-Oh Yooncorrespondence

      Insufficient nutrients disrupt physiological homeostasis, resulting in diseases and even death. Considering the physiological and pathological consequences of this metabolic stress, the adaptive responses that cells utilize under this condition are of great interest. We show that under low-glucose conditions, cells initiate adaptation followed by apoptosis responses using PERK/Akt and MEK1/ERK2 signaling, respectively. For adaptation, cells engage the ER stress-induced unfolded protein response, which results in PERK/Akt activation and cell survival. Sustained and extreme energetic stress promotes a switch to isoform-specific MEK1/ERK2 signaling, induction of GCN2/eIF2α phosphorylation, and ATF4 expression, which overrides PERK/Akt-mediated adaptation and induces apoptosis through ATF4-dependent expression of pro-apoptotic factors including Bid and Trb3. ERK2 activation during metabolic stress contributes to changes in TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism, and cell death, which is suppressed by glutamate and α-ketoglutarate supplementation. Taken together, our results reveal promising targets to protect cells or tissues from metabolic stress.
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