Journal of Integrative Medicine和Meridians同时发表《针灸应对阿片类药物危机白皮书

刘李静

日前，《针灸应对阿片类药物危机白皮书》已在Journal of Integrative Medicine先期网上发表。纸质文本将在11月15日在Journal of Integrative Medicine 及Meridians两本杂志同时发表。此白皮书是六个美国华人与西人全国中医针灸组织共同发起并合作完成的，将用于指导在联邦及各州层面及各个医疗与科研机构的相关工作。

标题

Acupuncture’s Role in Solving the Opioid Epidemic: Evidence, Cost-Effectiveness, and Care Availability for Acupuncture as a Primary, Non-Pharmacologic Method for Pain Relief and Management—White Paper 2017

针灸在解决阿片类药物危机中的作用：针灸作为一线非药物疗法治疗和控制疼痛的证据、花费和医疗服务的可行性（2017白皮书）

摘要

The United States (U.S.) is facing a national opioid epidemic, and medical systems are in need of nonpharmacologic strategies that can be employed to decrease the public's opioid dependence. Acupuncture has emerged as a powerful, evidence-based, safe, cost-effective, and available treatment modality suitable to meeting this need. Acupuncture has been shown to be effective for the management of numerous types of pain conditions, and mechanisms of action for acupuncture have been described and are understandable from biomedical, physiologic perspectives. Further, acupuncture's cost-effectiveness can dramatically decrease health care expenditures, both from the standpoint of treating acute pain and through avoiding addiction to opioids that requires costly care, destroys quality of life, and can lead to fatal overdose. Numerous federal regulatory agencies have advised or mandated that healthcare systems and providers offer non-pharmacologic treatment options for pain. Acupuncture stands out as the most evidence-based, immediately available choice to fulfil these calls. Acupuncture can safely, easily, and cost-effectively be  incorporated into hospital settings as diverse as the emergency department, labor and delivery suites, and neonatal intensive care units to treat a variety of commonly seen pain conditions. Acupuncture is already being successfully and meaningfully utilized by the Veterans Administration and various branches of the U.S. Military, in some studies demonstrably decreasing the volume of opioids prescribed when included in care.

美国正处于整个国家的阿片类药物流行危机，医疗系统亟需非药物的疗法、用以治疗疼痛并减少公众对阿片类药物的依赖。针灸作为强有效的、循证的、安全的、具有成本效益的治疗方式，满足这一需求。众多针灸临床试验已经证明针灸对许多类型的疼痛治疗有效，针灸的作用机制已被阐明，并且可以从生物医学和生理学角度解释。同时，从治疗急性疼痛的角度来看，针灸的成本效益可能会大大降低医疗保健支出，并避免发生昂贵的阿片类药物成瘾、破坏生命质量、并导致致命的过量。许多联邦监管机构已经建议或强制医疗保健系统和提供者提供非药物治疗选项，而针灸是最具实证性的、并立即可以采用。针灸可以安全、便利、经济有效地纳入医院设置，如急诊部门、产房以及新生儿重症监护室等，用以治疗医院里普遍见到的各种疼痛。退伍军人管理局和美国军方的各个部门已经成功地有针对性地采用针灸。

1. Acupuncture is an effective, safe, and cost-effective treatment for numerous types of acute and chronic pain. Acupuncture should be recommended as a first line treatment for pain before opiates are prescribed, and may reduce opioid use.

针灸疗法安全有效、经济，治疗多种急慢性疼痛有效：理应作为疼痛的一线治疗，先于阿片类药物使用，针灸疗法可以显著减少阿片类药物用量（我们在以下各分项中归纳了众多证据）。

1.1Effectiveness/Efficacy of acupuncture for different types of pain.

针灸疗法治疗多种疼痛有效。

1.2Safety and feasibility of acupuncture for pain management.

针灸疗法治疗疼痛安全、易行。

1.3Cost-effectiveness of acupuncture for pain management.

针灸疗法治疗疼痛可以减少支出。

1.4Can adjunctive acupuncture treatment reduce the use of Opioid-like medications?

结合使用针灸疗法可以减少阿片的用量。

2.Acupuncture’s analgesic mechanisms have been extensively researched and acupuncture can increase the production and release of endogenous opioids in animals and humans.

针灸的镇痛机制已经有大量的研究，针灸增加动物和人类的内源性阿片肽并促其释放。

3.Acupuncture is effective for the treatment of chronic pain involving maladaptive neuroplasticity.

针灸治疗慢性疼痛涉及改善其病态的神经塑形。

4.Acupuncture is a useful adjunctive therapy in opiate dependency and rehabilitation.

针灸是有益的治疗阿片依赖并促其康复的辅助疗法。

5.Acupuncture has been recommended as a first line non-pharmacologic therapy by the

FDA, as well as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in coping with the opioid crisis. The Joint Commission has also mandated that hospitals provide non-pharmacologic pain treatment modalities.

针灸已被FDA、以及美国国家科学院、国家工程院和国家医科院三院应对阿片类药物危机联合委员会推荐为一线非药物疗法。医院考核联合委员会也已经把非药物治痛疗法列为医院必须包括的项目。

6.Among most non-pharmacologic al managements for pain relief now available, acupuncture therapy is the most effective and specific for opioid abuse and overuse.

迄今为止，可用的非药物治疗疼痛的疗法，针灸疗法最为有效并对于阿片类药物滥用和过用使用针对性最强。

7.Acupuncture is widely available from qualified practitioners nationally.

美国有足够的合格的针灸从业人员。